Moses O Moses:
Satellite/FTA Abbreviations Guide.
1. What is LNB?
Low Noise Block-down-converter, System device used to amplify and convert satellite signals into frequencies sent to the tuner. (the item on the dish that has the white hockey puck nose).
2. What is the full meaning of LNBF?
Low Noise Block-down-converter + Feedhorn
3. What is Feedhorn?
A feed horn is a small horn antenna used to convey radio waves between the transmitter and/or receiver and the reflector, particularly in parabolic antennas system. The feedhorn also selects the polarization.
4. What is FTA?
Free To Air, Non-encrypted channel (digital signal).
5. What is Signal Strength?
The power of the satellite signal that is being captured by the antenna, and
displayed by the receiver.
6. What is a BUD?
Big Ugly Dish, a C/Band dish reflector (4/12 foot dish - 5 Ghz).
7.What is a BIN ?
A file in a Binary format suitable for flashing a Satellite Receiver
8.What is a Dish Antenna?
Parabolic reflector that collects satellite signals. C-Band reflectors range in size from 4-16 feet in diameter; KU-Band reflectors range from 18 inches to 6 feet.
9. What is the full meaning of DiseqC?
Digital Satellite Equipment Control, (short for diseqc switch) A universal LNB switch
10. What is Encrypted channel?
Digital Video and/or Audio that have been encoded and require special keys or processes to make it visible.
11. What is Elevation?
The Up/Down positioning of the satellite dish.
12. What is F Connector?
The screw on cable connectors used in satellite.
13. What is Ku-Band?
Is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 11.7 to 12.7GHz.
14. What is C-band?
Is a portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range use the band of frequencies ranging from 3.7 to 4.2 GHz.
15. What is GHz?
Abbreviation for Gigahertz. One billion cycles per second. Signals operating above 3 Gigahertz are known as microwaves. Above 30 Ghz are known as millimetres wave. As one moves above the millimeter waves signals begin to take on the characteristics of lightwaves.
16. What is MUX?
A group of channels on same frequency. MUX stands for Multiplexed.
17. What is PID?
Packet Identifier the label attached to different data streams in a DVB system.
18. What is Hard Boot?
Removing the power from the receiver, waiting 20 seconds and powering up.
19. What is a Bird?
A slang for a communication Satellite
20. What is SID?
Station IDentification, used by the providers to number their TV channels. Most FTA receivers have a "SID" sort menu option that will put the channels in "SID" order, however it must be set to "Y" or "ON".
21. What is Signal Quality?
The quantity of satellite signal that that has been decoded successfully indicated by the receiver.
22. What is RG-59?
Higher loss cable, should NOT be used for FTA Dish signals.
23. What is RG-6?
Cable used for FTA Dish signals in satellite
24. What is RF?
Radio Frequency
25. What is Scrambled?
Analog or Digital video that has been manipulated so that it is not intelligible.
26. What is Skins`s?
The receivers Graphical User Interface "look", The "look" of the menu(s) and user interface.
27. What is Skew?
Rotation Clockwise or counter Clockwise of the LNB or DISH reflector.
28. What is a Spot Beam?
Satellite signal that is contained to a geographical area by a satellite transponder.
29. What is Symbol Rate?
The speed of the Transponders(TP's) data stream and is rated as "Symbol Rate" (SR) per second.
30. What is the full meaning of STB?Set Top Box
31. What is Symbol Rate (SR)?
Size of the digital package transmission.
32. What is the full meaning of TP?Transponder.
33. What is a Transponder?
Satellite transmitter(s), send out different frequencies have for different channels.
A satellite component that receives and retransmits a TV signal or perhaps many narrower-band data or audio channels.
34. What is the full meaning of USALS?
Universal Satellites Automatic Location System.
35. What is USALS?
A satellite dish motor protocol that automatically creates a list of available satellite positions in a motorised satellite dish setup.
36. What is QPSK (Quaternary Phase Shift Keying)?
A digital modulation scheme used in transmission communications
that allows increased sending capacity, usually High Definition video associated.
37. What is PVR Receiver? Programable Video Recorder, Product that tracks viewing habits, records programs and has other interactive features such as pause and rewind.
38. What is Polarization?
The physical orientation of the waveform transmitted from the satellite. R/L are right and left 'circular' rotation similar to a corkscrew. H/V are horizontal/vertical similar to a fishing line cast either overhand or sidearm.
39. What is Orbital Position?
The place in the Sky over the equator ,(AKA Clarke belt) that the satellite is located, that is rotating at the same speed the Earth is turning, designation IE 82W, 110W.
40. What is Latitude?
A region of the earth considered in relation to its distance from the equator.
41. What is a Firmware?
Software in the Flash Memory that allows the receiver to run, can be changed by the user via the .BIN
42. What is Data Stream?
Satellite Transponders transmit the entertainment (Radio/TV) Data Streams , each stream carry many TV/Radio channels, the stream passes through the LNB, and the receivers receive and decode the data stream.
43. What is IR?
Infrared (the light signal used between the receiver and the remote control).
44. What is Actuator?
A mechanism that drives and controls the antenna as it's scans the sky for satellites.
45. What is an Amplifier?
A device used to boost the strength of an electronic signal.
46. What is DBS?
Direct broadcast satellite. Refers to service that uses satellites to broadcast multiple channels of television programming directly to home mounted small- dish antennas.
47. What is a decoder?
A television set-top device which enables a home subscriber to convert an electronically scrambled television picture into a viewable signal. This should not be confused with Codec which is used in conjunction with digital transmissions.
48. What is EIRP?
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power. It describes the strength of the signals leaving the satellite antenna or the transmitting earth station and it is use
in determining C/N or S/N. The transmit power value in units of dBW is expressed by the product of the transponder output power and the gain of the satellite transmit antenna.
49. What is Azimuth?
The angle of rotation (horizontal) that a ground based parabolic antenna must be rotated through to point to a specific satellite in a geosynchronous orbit. The azimuth angle for any particular satellite can be determined for any point on the surface of the earth given the latitude and longitude of that point. It is defined with respect to due north as a matter of easy convenience.
50. What is a Coaxial Cable?
A transmission line in which an inner conductor is surrounded by an outer conductor or shield and separated by a nonconductive dielectric.
51. What is DVB?
Digital Video Broadcasting - The European-backed project to harmonise adoption of digital video.
52. What is Earth Station?
The term used to describe the combination or antenna, low-noise amplifier (LNA), down-converter, and receiver electronics. used to receive a signal transmitted by a satellite. Earth Station antennas vary in size from the.2 foot to 12 foot (65 centimeters to 3.7 meters) diameter size used for TV reception to as large as 100 feet (30 meters) in diameter sometimes used for international communications. The typical antenna used for INTELSAT communication is today 13 to 18 meters or 40 to 60 feet.
53. What is Eutelsat ?
The European Telecommunications Satellite Organization which is headquartered in Paris, France. It provides a satellite network for Europe and parts of North Africa and the Middle East.
54. What is Footprint?
A map of the signal strength showing the EIRP contours of equal signal strengths as they cover the earth's surface. Different satellite transponders on the same satellite will often have different footprints of the signal strength. The accuracy of EIRP footprints or contour data can improve with the operational age of the satellite. The actual EIRP levels of the satellite, however, tends to decrease slowly as the spacecraft ages.
55. What is FEC?
Forward Error Correction. It adds unique codes to the digital signal at the source so errors can be detected and corrected at the receiver.
56. What is Global Beam?
An antenna down-link pattern used by the Intelsat satellites, which effectively covers one-third of the globe. Global beams are aimed at the center of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans by the respective Intelsat satellites, enabling all nations on each side of the ocean to receive the signal. Because they transmit to such a wide area, global beam transponders have significantly lower EIRP outputs at the surface of the Earth as compared to a US domestic satellite system which covers just the continental United States. Therefore, earth stations receiving global beam signals need antennas much larger in size (typically 10 meters and above (i.e.30 feet and up).
Gregorian Dual-reflector antenna system employing a paraboloidal main reflector and a concave ellipsoidal subreflector.
57. What is INTELSAT?
The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization operates a network of satellites for international transmissions.
58. What is Interference?
Energy which tends to interfere with the reception of the desired signals, such as fading from airline flights, RF interference from adjacent channels, or ghosting from reflecting objects such as mountains and buildings.
59. What is a Modulator?
A device which modulates a carrier. Modulators are found as components in broadcasting transmitters and in satellite transponders. Modulators are also used by CATV companies to place a baseband video television signal onto a desired VHF or UHF channel. Home video tape recorders also have built-in modulators which enable the recorded video information to be played back using a television receiver tuned to VHF channel 3 or 4.
60. What is MPEG?
The Moving Pictures Experts Group, the television industry's informal standards group.
61. What is MPEG-2?
The agreed standard covering the compression of data (coding and encoding) for digital television.
62. What is MPEG-2 MP@HL?
Main Provile at High Level - The agreed much higher bit-rate system adopted to provide high definition television in wide screen format.
63. What is Polarization?
A technique used by the satellite designer to increase the capacity of the satellite transmission channels by reusing the satellite transponder frequencies. In linear cross polarization schemes, half of the transponders beam their signals to earth in a vertically polarized mode; the other half horizontally polarize their down links. Although the two sets of frequencies overlap, they are 90 degree out of phase, and will not interfere with each other. To successfully receive and decode these signals on earth, the earth station must be outfitted with a properly polarized feedhorn to select the vertically or horizontally polarized signals as desired.
In some installations, the feedhorn has the capability of receiving the vertical and horizontal transponder signals simultaneously, and routing them into separate LNAs for delivery to two or more satellite television receivers. Unlike most domestic satellites, the Intelsat series use a technique known as left-hand and right-hand circular polarization.
64. What is a Satellite?
A sophisticated electronic communications relay station orbiting 22,237 miles above the equator moving in a fixed orbit at the same speed and direction of the earth (about 7,000 mph east to west).
65. What is Tweaking?
The process of adjusting an electronic receiver circuit to optimize its performance.
66. What is Uplink?
The earth station used to transmit signals to a satellite
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